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Like any other resistance to conquer, the cell will increase the relative secretion of TGF beta with devastating consequences! While failing to efficiently stimulate the Estrogen receptor, through SP1, TGF-BETA will stimulate the Aryl Hydrocarbon receptor which is normally "dormant" in the cytosol, stimulation of AHR not only renders the cell susceptible to
natural plant flavonoids, polyphenolics and indoles, as well as synthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxin-like compounds. AhR is a cytosolic transcription factor that is normally inactive,(see references)
but the increase of TGF induced Sp1 activity wakes this receptor up!
but also this receptor through ARNT, will induce the expression of genes such as Hsp90 (the stress gene--waking up the NF-kB), CYP (the modulator of estrogen and other ) but also all the genes interacting with Sp1, including
RELA,[66][67] cyclin T1,[68]SRC-1,[69] retinoblastoma protein,[70] NRIP1,[71] estrogen receptor alpha,[72][73] NEDD8[74] and ARNTL.[75]
The RELA gene
NFKB1 (MIM 164011) or NFKB2 is bound to REL , RELA (this gene), or RELB to form the NF-κB complex. The p50 (NFKB1)/p65 (RELA) heterodimer is the most abundant form of NF-κB. The NF-κB complex is inhibited by IκB (NFKBIA, or NFKBIB), which inactivates NF-κB by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by kinases (IKBKA or IKBKB) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-κB complex. Activated NF-κB complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine).[2]
Interactions
RELA has been shown to interact with:- APBA2,[3]
- AHR,[4][5]
- ASCC3,[6]
- BRCA1,[7]
- BTRC,[8]
- C-Fos,[9]
- C-jun,[9]
- C22orf25,[10]
- CSNK2A1,[11]
- CDK9,[12]
- CEBPB,[13][14]
- CREBBP,[15][16][17][18][19]
- CSNK2A2,[11]
- DHX9,[20]
- EP300,[19][21]
- ETHE1,[22]
- FUS,[23]
- HDAC1,[16][21][24]
- HDAC2,[21][25]
- HDAC3,[26]
- ING4,[27]
- IκBα,[8][21][26][28][29][30][31]
- MEN1,[32]
- MTPN,[33]
- NCF1,[34]
- NFKB1,[35][36]
- NFKB2,[35][37]
- NFKBIB,[38][39]
- NFKBIE,[40]
- NR3C1,[41][42][43]
- NCOR2,[44][45]
- PARP1,[46]
- PIAS3,[15]
- POU2F1,[47]
- PPP1R13L,[48][49]
- PRKCZ,[50]
- REL,[29][35][51]
- RFC1,[52]
- RNF25,[53]
- SP1,[54][55]
- STAT3,[56][57]
- TAF4B,[58]
- TBP,[59][60]
- TP53,[57] and
- TRIB3.[61]wikipedia
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