OF OUR OBSERVATION: THE FAILURE OF RECEPTORS
LET US TAKE THIS EXAMPLE!
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces mucin hypersecretion and MUC-2 gene expression by human airway epithelial cells.
Source
Critical Care Medicine Department, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1662.Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional, pro-inflammatory cytokine that is capable of activating a diverse number of target genes within multiple cell types. Little information is known regarding the role of TNF-alpha in the regulation of human airway mucin hypersecretion and MUC-2 gene expression.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LET'S ASSUME
THAT A GROWTH FACTOR HAS 2 PRINCIPAL RECEPTORS AND 2 SECONDARY RECEPTORS
(IN THIS EXAMPLE TNF- alpha IS SAID TO HAVE A "NUMBER OF TARGET GENES")
IF FOR SOME REASONS THE GROWTH FACTOR FAILED TO ACTIVATE ITS PRINCIPAL RECEPTORS, 2 THINGS HAPPEN:
1. THE PRINCIPAL RECEPTOR
initiates a stress like response which will involve the HP90, exacerbating the NF- kB
resulting in further activation of promoter genes and formation of MORE TNF- alpha
2. MORE TNF-alpha will exacerbate the effect on SECONDARY receptors still sensitive, leading to the activation/amplification of unwanted genes,
- Amplification of MUC-1 leads to an Adenoma and eventually Adenocarcinoma.
- Amplification of MUC-2 leads to a pseudomyxoma.
- May be MUC-7 will be lung and bladder Cancer?
Neutrophil elastase induces MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelium via a pathway involving reactive oxygen species.
Source
Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.Abstract
Neutrophil-predominant airway inflammation and mucus obstruction of the airways are major pathologic features of chronic airway diseases, including cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. Neutrophils release elastase, a serine protease that impairs mucociliary clearance and stimulates goblet cell metaplasia and mucin production. We previously reported that neutrophil elastase increases expression of a major respiratory mucin gene, MUC5AC, by enhancing mRNA stability. However, the molecular mechanisms of elastase-regulated MUC5AC expression are not known. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species, generated by elastase treatment, mediate MUC5AC gene expression.MUC4 gene polymorphisms associate with endometriosis development and endometriosis-related infertility.
Source
Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Mucin 4 (MUC4) plays an important role in protecting and lubricating the epithelial surface of reproductive tracts, but its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is largely unknown.MUC3 human intestinal mucin. Analysis of gene structure, the carboxyl terminus, and a novel upstream repetitive region.
Source
Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory (151M2), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.Abstract
MUC3 is a large mucin glycoprotein expressed by the human intestine and gall bladder.MUC6 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Reid CJ, Harris A (1999). "Expression of the MUC 6 mucin gene in development of the human kidney and male genital ducts.".PICK A NUMBER AND YOU WILL FIND WHERE THE CANCER WILL BE. THIS IS THE POWER OF RECEPTORS AND THE POWER OF GENE POLYMORPHISM!
Let's play:
Full Name mucin 10, submandibular gland salivary mucin
MUC12 »
Mucin-12
(MUC-12)
Protein also known as:
Mucin-11 (MUC-11).
Gene name:
MUC12
This protein has been shown to exist at protein level
Expression
Ubiquitous, with higher expression in colon. Down-regulated in
colorectal cancer as well as in the colon of patients with ulcerative
colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).
- CuratedUniProtKB
THIS EXERCISE CAN BE DONE WITH ALL ADENOCARCINOMAS!
DO YOU SEE PORTRAYED HERE A TARGET FOR THERAPY OR DIAGNOSIS?
LET'S GO TO WORK!
In Summary,
Epithelial covers of Mucosa secrete a Mucine to protect it against infection and immune system exactions
and depending on localization the MUCINE is made a different family member of MUC -x gene
this is helpful when you have a carcinoma of unknown primary, look at the MUC gene amplified
YOU reach the door of MESENCHYMALIZATION when you reach MUC-20, this is where epidermal and endothelial switch, where squamous switch to adenocarcinoma, where the MEK gene is located!
