Sunday, November 24, 2013

CRBCM was proud to participate!


A Message from Medical Center of the Americas:
On behalf of RedSky and the Medical Center of the Americas Foundation, I would like to thank you for attending the region’s first-ever biomedical research symposium BIOMED 2013. Over 350 researchers, clinicians and nurses, high school and college students, and other healthcare professionals attended. It was an invigorating day that enabled the open exchange of information, with remarkable speakers, moderators, presenters, and exhibitors from across the region and the country.

For participating in BIOMED 2013, you will receive Synapse, the region’s first and only life sciences news digest. It was created in 2010 in response to the life sciences boom taking place in El Paso and the region. Target audience includes civic, corporate, political, higher education, medical and scientific leaders. Synapse is primarily an online publication – www.mcaSynapse.org. Its main sections are:
  1. News
  2. Calendar of events
  3. A job listing of the region’s life sciences job openings
  4. Announcements of grant RFPs, calls for papers, invitations for applications, etc. 
You will receive Synapse once a month into your email inbox.  To unsubscribe from the distribution list, click on “unsubscribe” in the email footer or send an email at anytime to the editor at Noemi@MCAmericas.org.

Here are a few things to know to get you started as a Synapse reader:
  1. Your email address will be kept private.
  2. Add synapse@mcamericas.org to your email address book to keep Synapse from being routed to your junk folder. 
  3. Headlines are color-coded by topic to help you find the news that matters most to you.
Save The Date - BIOMED 2014
BIOMED 2014, scheduled for November 14 and 15, 2014, will be at the Convention Center located at 1 Civic Center Plaza, in Downtown El Paso. We hope to see you there and will be in touch soon with more updates. In the meantime, our kindest wishes to you and your family for the holidays.

Warm Regards,

Neyha Sehgal | Assistant Director of Market Analysis
RedSky | 201 East Main Street, Suite 401 | El Paso, Texas 79901

This invitation was sent to drkcancerclinic@gmail.com by Medical Center of the Americas the organizer. To stop receiving invitations from this organizer, you can unsubscribe. Eventbrite
Eventbrite | 651 Brannan St. Suite 110 | San Franci

Saturday, November 23, 2013

MICROGLIAL SENSOME/ SHARING WITH OUR READERS AS ORDERED!


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Contact: Sue McGreevey
smcgreevey@partners.org
617-724-2764
Massachusetts General Hospital

Mass. General study identifies genes uniquely expressed by the brain's immune cells

Identifying 'sensome' of microglia could improve understanding, treatments for neurodegenerative disorders

Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) investigators have used a new sequencing method to identify a group of genes used by the brain's immune cells – called microglia – to sense pathogenic organisms, toxins or damaged cells that require their response. Identifying these genes should lead to better understanding of the role of microglia both in normal brains and in neurodegenerative disorders and may lead to new ways to protect against the damage caused by conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The study, which has been published online in Nature Neuroscience, also finds that the activity of microglia appears to become more protective with aging, as opposed to increasingly toxic, which some previous studies had suggested.
"We've been able to define, for the first time, a set of genes microglia use to sense their environment, which we are calling the microglial sensome," says Joseph El Khoury, MD, of the MGH Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Infectious Diseases, senior author of the study. "Identifying these genes will allow us to specifically target them in diseases of the central nervous system by developing ways to upregulate or downregulate their expression."
A type of macrophage, microglia are known to constantly survey their environment in order to sense the presence of infection, inflammation, and injured or dying cells. Depending on the situation they encounter, microglia may react in a protective manner – engulfing pathogenic organisms, toxins or damaged cells – or release toxic substances that directly destroy microbes or infected brain cells. Since this neurotoxic response can also damage healthy cells, keeping it under control is essential, and excess neurotoxicity is known to contribute to the damage caused by several neurodegenerative disorders.
El Khoury's team set out to define the transcriptome – the complete set of RNA molecules transcribed by a cell – of the microglia of healthy, adult mice and compared that expression profile to those of macrophages from peripheral tissues of the same animals and of whole brain tissue. Using a technique called direct RNA sequencing, which is more accurate than previous methods, they identified a set of genes uniquely expressed in the microglia and measured their expression levels, the first time such a gene expression 'snapshot' has been produced for any mammalian brain cell, the authors note.
Since aging is known to alter gene expression throughout the brain, the researchers then compared the sensome of young adult mice to that of aged mice. They found that – contrary to what previous studies had suggested – the expression of genes involved in potentially neurotoxic actions, such as destroying neurons, was downregulated as animals aged, while the expression of neuroprotective genes involved in sensing and removing pathogens was increased. El Khoury notes that the earlier studies suggesting increased neurotoxicity with aging did not look at the cells' full expression profile and often were done in cultured cells, not in living animals.
"Establishing the sensome of microglia allows us to clearly understand how they interact with and respond to their environment under normal conditions," he explains. "The next step is to see what happens under pathologic conditions. We know that microglia become more neurotoxic as Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders progress, and recent studies have identified two of the microglial sensome genes as contributing to Alzheimer's risk. Our next steps should be defining the sensome of microglia and other brain cells in humans, identifying how the sensome changes in central nervous system disorders, and eventually finding ways to safely manipulate the sensome pharmacologically."
###

El Khoury is an associate professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. Suzanne Hickman of the MGH Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases (CIID), is lead and co-corresponding author of the Nature Neuroscience report. Additional co-authors are Nathan Kingery and Terry Means, PhD, MGH CIID; Toshiro Ohsumi and Mark L Borowsky, PhD, MGH Molecular Biology, and Li-chong Wang, MD, PhD, Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Hayward, Calif. The study was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant NS059005 and National Institute of Aging grant AG032349.
Massachusetts General Hospital, founded in 1811, is the original and largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School. The MGH conducts the largest hospital-based research program in the United States, with an annual research budget of more than $775 million and major research centers in AIDS, cardiovascular research, cancer, computational and integrative biology, cutaneous biology, human genetics, medical imaging, neurodegenerative disorders, regenerative medicine, reproductive biology, systems biology, transplantation biology and photomedicine.



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Friday, November 22, 2013

The CRBCM, over 30,000 pageviews in a year!

 

Pageviews today
           5
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Pageviews last month 
2,823
Pageviews all time history
 30,425  only 1 year!
 
A slew of Other countrie with less than 93, they just stop counting!
EntryPageviews
United States
19174
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671
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461
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440
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375
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347
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South Korea
93

Cooperative research at CRBCM

From: Zhang, Jianying <jzhang@utep.edu<mailto:jzhang@utep.edu>>
Date: Tue, Nov 19, 2013 at 11:06 AM
Subject: FW: Lung cancer project preliminary data
To: Mutombo Kankonde <drkcancerclinic@gmail.com<
mailto:drkcancerclinic@gmail.com>>
Cc: chaiyurong <yrchai@live.cn<mailto:yrchai@live.cn>>, "Zhang, Jianying" <jzhang@utep.edu<mailto:jzhang@utep.edu>>


Dear Dr. Kankonde,

Please see the attached PCR data on lung tissues. Dr. Chai has completed the RT-PCR and Q-PCR on five lung tissues with three genes. If you have any question, please let us know.

Could you please ask the tissue bank to provide more samples?

Best regards,

Jianying Zhang, M.D., Ph.D.

Professor
Department of Biological Sciences
The University of Texas at El Paso
500 West University Avenue
El Paso, Texas 79968
Tel: 915-747-6995<tel:915-747-6995>
<tel:915-747-6995<tel:915-747-6995>> (office); 915-747-5343<tel:915-747-5343><tel:915-747-5343<tel:915-747-5343>>/5183 (lab)
Fax: 915-747-5808<tel:915-747-5808><tel:915-747-5808<tel:915-747-5808>>

The Hedgehog, Ptch1, AND the Gli zinc-finger transcription factors

If there is an example where GENE INTERFERENCE could have a meaningful impact, it is in this pathway like a deluge of gene activations.  The impact could extend from Basal cell to bladder cancers to Gliomas!

"PTCH1 is a member of the patched gene family and is the receptor for sonic hedgehog, a secreted molecule implicated in the formation of embryonic structures and in tumorigenesis. This gene functions as a tumor suppressor. The PTCH1 gene product, is a transmembrane protein that suppresses the release of another protein called smoothened, and when sonic hedgheog binds PTCH1, smoothened is released and signals cell proliferation." wikipedia.

POLIZIO ET AL
 The vertebrate Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has essential functions during development and tissue homeostasis in normal physiology, and its dysregulation is a common theme in cancer. The Hh ligands (Sonic Hh, Indian Hh, and Desert Hh) bind to the receptors Patched1 and Patched2, resulting in inhibition of their repressive effect on Smoothened (Smo). Smo is a seven-transmembrane protein, which was only recently shown to function as a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) with specificity toward the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gi. In addition to activating Gi, Smo signals through its C-terminal tail to inhibit Suppressor of Fused, resulting in stabilization and activation of the Gli family of transcription factors, which execute a transcriptional response to so-called "canonical Hh signaling."

WHEN YOU TALK ABOUT ZINC-FINGER YOU KNOW YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT HISTONE MODULATION AND DIRECT DNA INTERACTION, ALL OCCURING MOSTLY THE EPIGENETIC ZONE MOSTLY!  THEREFORE THIS COULD EFFECT EVEN THE LEUKEMIAS!
THE CRBCM IS TAKING A CLOSER LOOK!

"Gli regulation by the opposing activities of Fused and Suppressor of Fused

Maximilien Murone1,2ET AL!
Hedgehog (Hh) proteins are secreted factors that control cell proliferation and cell-fate specification1. Hh signalling is mediated in vertebrates by the Gli zinc-finger transcription factors (Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3) and in Drosophila by the Gli homologue Cubitus interruptus"

OTHER GENES IMPLICATED!

PTCH1 gene
WNT3A
IRF6
GLI
TGF-beta
TrkC: Neurotropin -Receptor

AND THE DANCE OF GENES CONTINUE!

IN OTHER CPRIT NEWS: LAST MEMBER TO THE COMMITTEE

We learned that the last member to the Oversight Committee has been appointed.  A lawyer with strong background with cancer research through his father.  Reportedly, his own brother and father died of cancer.  We wish him well and will look forward to his contribution to an unbiased fight for the cure.
CPRIT was created for all Texans but university and political folks in Houston, Austin and the third university city/DALLAS... (EL Paso was passed over and deliberately ignored!)
had successfully highjacked the process.  Greed did not stop, in fighting resulted leading to revelation of misconducts which till today remain unpunished. Heads did roll because that was inevitable.  New heads are in but the game remains intact, at least we believe.  The escamotage of the original purpose of this organization which was to find the cure to cancers, by the game to take public funds by influential institutions has been deplored!  But we fear that the new CPRIT will struggle to look fair but achieve the same.
There is no bad deed that remain unpunished until someone, somewhere feel the need to lead toward a sane CPRIT!
We can only pray to God now that this will be the case, or save us for another crisis!  The boys are out lining their games because there is money to be gained !

AT CPRIT: many attempts to get rid of us!

Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Logo
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THE NEW CPRIT IS TRYING TO GET RID OF OLD APPLICANTS!
THIS E MAIL KEEPS COMING BACK DESPITE OUR MANY ATTEMPTS TO SUBCRIBE
THIS JUST A VAIN WAY TO GET RID ON NON UNIVERSITY APPLICANTS!
THE GAME SEEMS TO BE BACK IN FULL FORCE.
AND YOU WOULD THINK THEY ARE GENUINE WITH THEIR EFFORTS TO COME CLEAN.
IF THIS IS A MISTAKE, THEY SHOULD CORRECT IT!
 

Tuesday, November 19, 2013

slide IV; THE ARRIVAL OF THE MACROPHAGES AT THE TBI SITE!

Aside from the stress and Hypoxia, There no event more significant after TBI then the arrival of the macrophage at the scene,  in terms of long term prognosis.
this set the stage for massive Cytokine release and attraction of other inflammatory cells and shock to the genetic make-up of the Neuron and its sheath.

To be continued!

slide III. WHERE ARE WE IN RESEARCH ON THE THE TBI TOPIC; HOW TO STOP THE CYTOKINES?

HOW TO PRESERVE POST SYNAPTIC NEURON DESTRUCTION
HOW TO STOP THE CYTOKINES INDUCED BY STRESS AND THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE?

1.HYPOTHERMIA TO COOL PRODUCTION OF STRESS AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES!
-ie  Reducing production of IL-1 beta to decrease frequency of cellular attachment to endothelial /blood vessel to reduce tissue destruction.  (Integrin Alpha-v-beta-5-target of therapy).
2. MASS EFFECT AND INTERRUPTION OF BLOOD VESSEL LEAD TO ANOXIA
-ie Activity at NMDA receptors---interaction with NOX2 leads to Super-Oxide production.
-ie NMDA needed in the production of Peroxy-nitrite (beyond the Nitric Oxyde).
-ie NADPH Oxidase derived Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
-HIF-1- Angiogenesis - VEGF-  (EGFR cross-talking)
3.PKC inhibition reduces STRESS RESPONSE
4.AT HIPPOCAMPUS : Prodymorphin and its derivative peptides could modulate neurotransmitters by interacting with the activation of presynatic k opioid receptors.
-also Hyperactivation of NMDAR increases Calcium influx, through the CRMP2, resulting in decrease of Hyppocampal  Neuronal death by reducing surface expression of Dendritic NR2B receptors.
5.EXCITATORY RESPONSES
-ie. Decrease of GABA release in inhibitory Interneuron synapses increase risk of Seizure activity.  This associated potentially with increase activity at excitatatory synapses resulting from AMPA Receptor conductance.
-ie Glutamate removal (from synapses) critical in controlling excitatory stimulation
6.NOW the focus in on CAP'N COLLARS!
these factor's transcription leads to Nrf 1,2,3  (Nrf (s) activity at Blood Barrier)
ie Protein Tyrosine Phosphase inhibits the Nrf.
==========================================
Gobally, the research is haphazard.
but there is increased focus on delayed effect
and recognition of the role of post synaptic Neuron in the long term outcome and chances of Rehabilitation
and its vulnerability to inflammatory attacks. NOTE THE INCREASE MENTION OF GENES!
PLEASE NOTE THE MENTIONED GENES AS THEY WILL COME-UP AS WE DISCUSS THE SIRTUINS!

slide II. RECOGNITION OF FUNDAMENTAL PHYSIOLOGIC / GENETIC BASIS OF TBI

1.ALL CELLULAR EVENTS AND DISEASES ARE GENETICALLY BASED
2.RECOGNITION THAT EFFECT OF TBI ARE IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED
        a. IMMEDIATE  :-COUP AND CONTRECOUP! (Bi-axial deformation of Neurons)
                           - CONCUSSION,
                           - COMPRESSION
        b. DELAYED
                           -ANOXIA
                          -STRESS INDUCED
                          -INFLAMMATORY :   ACTIVATION OF FACTOR TRANSCRIPTION                      AND CYTOKINE RELEASE!

3.TISSUE AFFECTED (primarily and/or secondarily)
==LONG PROJECTING AXONE
==MYELIN
==BLOOD VESSEL
==SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CYTOKINES BY VARIOUS BRAIN AREAS
==ACTIVITY AT VARIOUS BRAIN RECEPTORS

slide I INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON TBI

Definition

"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a nondegenerative, noncongenital insult to the brain from an external mechanical force, possibly leading to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functions, with an associated diminished or altered state of consciousness. "

MEASUREMENTS OF TBI EFFECTS

1.Glasgow Coma Scale


2.Ranchos Los Amigos Scale of Cognitive Functioning

3TBI defined by the Head Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine

 

Dawodu et al.

  • Any period of loss of consciousness (LOC),
  • Any loss of memory for events immediately before or after the accident,
  • Any alteration in mental state at the time of the accident,
  • Focal neurologic deficits, which may or may not be transient."
    1.74 million persons sustain mild TBI requiring an office visit or temporary disability for at least 1 day.  2.5-6.5 million Americans live with TBI-related disabilities.Costing 4-10 billions a year to the american Economy based of various estimates!
     Approximately 52,000 US deaths per year result from TBI.


Glasgow Coma Scale

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) defines the severity of a TBI within 48 hours of injury.

Eye opening

  • Spontaneous = 4
  • To speech = 3
  • To painful stimulation = 2
  • No response = 1

Motor response

  • Follows commands = 6
  • Makes localizing movements to pain = 5
  • Makes withdrawal movements to pain = 4
  • Flexor (decorticate) posturing to pain = 3
  • Extensor (decerebrate) posturing to pain = 2
  • No response = 1

Verbal response

  • Oriented to person, place, and date = 5
  • Converses but is disoriented = 4
  • Says inappropriate words = 3
  • Says incomprehensible sounds = 2
  • No response = 1
The severity of TBI according to the GCS score (within 48 h) is as follows:
  • Severe TBI = 3-8
  • Moderate TBI = 9-12
  • Mild TBI = 13-15

Monday, November 18, 2013

Looking into buying a practice to expand Greater East Cancer Center!

Some of the considerations found on the internet!
==========================================
Practice Cashflow valuation
1>Operating Cost of physician
-staff
-non physician staff provider salaries
-rent
-leases
-loans
-cost of new equipment/Amortizing
-supplies
-Building Insurance
-Malpractice Insurance
-taxes
-social securities
-fair market payment to physicians
-transportation and various fees

Total/gross revenue
Total Operating costs
-------------------------------------------------
Total benefits/profits
Number of Investors
-------------------------------------------------
 Practice location


Saturday, November 16, 2013

Role of Avastin-Anti-JAK2 and Anti-c-MET in Metastatic triple negative and possibly inflammatory Breast Cancer PART II

Role of Avastin-Anti-JAK2 and Anti-c-MET in Metastatic triple negative and possibly inflammatory Breast Cancer

PART II  (speculative thoughts continue)
============================================================
OF NOTE, for you to continue following:

" CTGF, also known as CCN2 or connective tissue growth factor,[1][2] is a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins (see also CCN intercellular signaling protein).[3][4][5] CTGF has important roles in many biological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, skeletal development, and tissue wound repair, and is critically involved in fibrotic disease and several forms of cancers.[1][2][6wikipedia.
 Members of the CCN protein family, including CTGF, are structurally characterized by having four conserved, cysteine residue-rich domains, and these domains are, from N- to C-termini, the insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) domain, von Willebrand type C repeats (vWC) domain, the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) domain, and a C-terminal domain (CT) with a cysteine knot motif. CTGF mediates its functions through binding to various cell surface receptors in a context-dependent manner, including integrin receptors,[7][8][9] cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs),[10] LRPs,[11] and TrkA.[12] In addition, CTGF also binds growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. The N-terminal half of CTGF interacts with aggrecan,[13] the TSR domain interacts with VEGF,[14] and the CT domain interacts with members of the TGF-β superfamily, fibronectin, perlecan, fibulin-1, slit, and mucins.["wikipedia
=======================================================================

TNF, INTERFERON alpha, JAK-2,CNN2.
==============================
According to Schultz,
TNF alpha potentiates the negative influence of Intereferon-alpha on CCN proteins. "the CCN proteins are known to be involved in the development, homeostasis, and repair of mesenchymal cells", to which breast cancer cells belong.  WISP3/CCN6, incriminated in the Inflammatory Breast Cancer, member of the Wnt1.
In fact WISP3 has "growth and angiogenesis inhibitory functions" (ASCO).
Should interferon alpha knocks down the WISP3, "overexpression of the epithelial adhesion molecule protein E-Cadherin, overexpression of RhoC oncogene, and high frequency of p53 gene Mutations could result as seen in inflammatory Breast cancers!

now the statement that follows has deep meaning (careful now!)

"The inhibitory effect of Interferon-gamma on CTGF could almost be completely compensated by JAK-2 inhibitor AG-409".  This implies that the "CTGF expression is negatively regulated by the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in a independant manner".  This suggests that a JAK-2 Inhibitor could stop part on the neoplastic transformation, and play a therapeutic role!

ROLE OF AVASTIN
===============

another CCN1/CYR61 has angiogenic function which it assumes by binding to an Integrin (Alpha-v-Beta1) of endothelial cells. CYR6 promotes proliferation, migration and adhesion and survival. It also enhances Cytotoxicity of TNF alpha on fibroblasts.  CYR61 gene expression is induced by the WNT3A.  Bringing further the Wnt pathway into the mix.

(Leap to Autoimmune disease)
The overexpression of the WISP3 inhibit BMP and the Wnt signaling.  It has been found Upregulated in Rheumatoid arthritis.  It could indeed serve as a bio-marker !

Wisp3/CCN6 controls Homeostasis as stated above.  It has been reported that the overexpression of WISP3 increase the activities of the SuperOxide Dismutase, a cell anti-Oxidant that palys a protective role.  And therefore decrease of WISP3, may heavily play into the the neoplastic process!

Furthermore, Mutation or suppression of WISP3 increases VEGF, affects cell growth, and impact neoplastic  angiogenesis and cancerous invasion of tissues!  Wisp3 cell metastasis is driven through its attachment to Integrin AvB5. "a potential target for therapy!  (there you have it thanks to all researchers who got there before us!)

THE CRBCM IS WORKING HARD TOWARD THE CURE...AND WILL NOT BE DISTRACTED BY POLITICS THAT " FLORISH" IN FUNDING INSTITUTIONS IN TEXAS, NIH AND ELSEWHERE...HELL WE ARE CURRENTLY FUNDING OUR OWN RESEARCH WITH THE HELP OF GREATER EAST CANCER CENTER!  WE WILL GET THERE FOLLOWING OUR OWN SNIFF!

OF NOTE
When somebody shows unnecessary signs of rudeness, grumpiness or stubbornness. Over competitiveness is also a symptom of florish behavior and they .....


www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sniff
to take air into your nose in short breaths that are loud enough to be heard. : to smell (something or someone) by putting your nose close to it and taking air in ...

Friday, November 15, 2013

CRBCM IS INVITED AS A SPEAKER!

14th Annual Rio Grande Trauma Conference & Pediatric Update - December 5-6, 2013
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440 Raynold Street,TTRAC Building Room 130
El Paso, TX 79905



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I.Role of Avastin-Anti-JAK2 and Anti-c-MET in Metastatic triple negative and possibly inflammatory Breast Cancer

PART I  (speculative thoughts)

1.It is increasingly recognized that the development of the triple negative breast cancer is  linked to abnormalities of gene expression at the Wnt (& NOTCH) pathways,  abnormal levels of Cytokines/growth factors and perturbances or predisposition to autoimmune diseases (AS SUGGESTED BY THE bASAL LIKE CELL MORPHOLOGY which comes from autoimmune component involvement)!
The various genetic pathways involved provide tremendous opportunities for target therapy interventions. Testing through clinical trials and laboratory studies appear to be the main ways to ascertain the effectiveness of proposed interventions.
Here we submit the Hypothesis that a known Anti-JAK-2 in combination with both an Anti-c-MET and an Anti-VEGF could slow down the metastatic progression of triple negative breast cancer and secondarily have a role in inflammatory breast cancers.

We are also going to identify through this study other opportunities of therapeutic interventions as we discuss the flow of causal events leading to the malignant transformation of Breast cells.

2.Potential Pathophysiology in these Breast Cancers.
---------------------------------------------------

2.1 As women enter the reproductive age, with the advent of Menarche, starts a period of their lives with increased Estrogen production. It has been reported (K-S et al)  that" Estrogens have been shown to markedly modulate the immune system...mostly by regulating " namely IL-2 and Interferon-gamma.  The increase of these cytokines was driven through the modulation of their promoter activities.
It is worth mentioning here that IL-4 production was not increased by this Estrogen surge.
N. et al suggested that under Estrogen stimulation "the production of interferon-gamma was enhanced by E2 stimulation. And that E2 increases not only the number of cells expressing IFN-gamma but also the IFN-gamma  levels in each cells".  These authors did emphasize that the enhancement of interferon was through the Estrogen Receptor (ER) ie ER alpha, beta and mERs.

The positive regulatory feedback loop between Interferons and Estrogen Receptor-alpha was also the focus of work reported by R. et al.  Indeed "patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, an Autoimmune disease, AFFECTING WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE, were found to have an even more of an increase in Interferon-gamma which increases levels of Receptors for Estrogen.   This Estrogen Receptor response was driven through "activation of signal transducers and activation of Transcription 1 (STAT1) by Interferon".
(This provide the link to autoimmune diseases, It also means that all of the sudden you have a period of life with high Estrogen with too many receptors, you know they will be a "violent" desensitization of these receptors which in fact you will not find in Triple negative Breast Cancers which happen in women of "child bearing age").(And here comes the intervention of the STATS! with STAT5a the more specific one!)

2.2Overexpression of TNF is also induced by Estrogen
----------------------------------------------------------
Kod... et al:
"Certain autoimmune diseases are also associated with excess levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-TNF alpha, and Anti-TNF drugs are known to be useful".  The elevation of TNF alpha is known to activate the NF-kB pathways. (HERE COMES CYTOKINES' EXPANSION).  And through the MAPK, the same activation will reach the JNK which leads to transcription of C-jun and ATF2, opening the door to cell proliferation.
Wikipedia suggests that TNF also can lead to"induction of death signaling and therefore could be pro-Apoptotic" but remember this is the thing taken care of by SMAD4-E3 which help escape proliferative control!  The path to Neoplastic proliferation is set!
Through the Ubiquitins comes also the involvement of the NOTCH!
(see for yourself NOTCH-MAML1-EP300..........ubiquitins 8---E3 (RNF 41)
and with the NOTCH comes  in the Wnt, loss of cellular boundaries and shape, and "consensus" to survive!

Continuing here!

Estrogen is known to "upregulate TNF production by increasing the number of TNF producing cells"

AND IN BREAST CANCER BIOLOGY, THE ELEVATION OF TNF SYNERGIZES THE ELEVATION OF INTERFERON gamma EFFECT ON  CTGF/CCN2   (SCH...et al!)

this is the same CCN that drive by chemotaxis bone metastatic invasion 9 and metastasis is driven! wonder why the bone marrow is an early relatively "irrelevant" metastasis ! (keep  you knives where they are, I see you ready to brandish them!).  Science is talking for now!

TO BE CONTINUED ....BY

2.3. TNF, INTERFERON-gamma, JAK-2, AND CCN2.
===========================================




Thursday, November 14, 2013

NEW GENES ARE BEING INCLUDED IN THE CLINICAL THERAPY OF LUNG CANCERS!

ASIDE FROM THOSE INCORPORATED IN THE GUIDELINES OF ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
1.EGFR
2.ALK

Now we are hearing about the following
1.ROS-1
2.MEK-1
3.RET
4.BRAF
5.HER-2
6.PI3KCA
7.KRAS
8.PD-1,2
9.ERCC1
10.BRCA-1 mRNA
11 P53

What about the therapeutic roles of :
GSTM-1 and GSTT1,FAK, Wnt, Notch, p16,
HIF and VGEF and the CYP1A1,P ?

WE WELCOME AND ACKNOWLEDGE OUR NEW READERS FROM MALAYSIA

WE WELCOME AND ACKNOWLEDGE  YOU, OUR NEW READERS FROM MALAYSIA, AND THANK YOU FOR YOUR UPCOMING COMMENTS!
WE ARE PROUD TO ANNOUNCE THAT WE HAVE BEEN INVITED TO PRESENT AND DEFEND OUR POSTER RELATED TO TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) : EARLY USE OF BUTEIN, A SIRTUIN ACTIVATOR IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY!
JOIN THE AUDIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER IN EL PASO on DECEMBER 5TH, 2013. 10:00 AM.
FOR DIRECTIONS CALL 915-307-3354.

DARK ACTIVITIES ARE PLENTIFUL, DISCRIMINATING, CHEATING, YOU WILL CROSS THE LINE!

ANOTHER EXAMPLE!
"Cheating refers to an immoral way of achieving a goal. It is generally used for the breaking of rules to gain unfair advantage in a competitive situation." (DICTIONARY), THE CRBCM IS A VICTIM ALL THE TIME, LIVING WITH IT, UNTIL THE ENEMIES CEASE AND DESIST OR OTHERWISE BECOME IRRELEVANT!  THE FBI IS WATCHING!
=====================================================
Physician-Owned Hospital Agrees to Resolve its Civil and Criminal Liability for Benefiting from Illegal Kickbacks to Physicians
September 12, 2013

DALLAS - Forest Park Medical Center, LLC (FPMC), a North Texas physician-owned hospital, paid over $258,000 to settle allegations that it violated the civil False Claims Act, announced U.S. Attorney Sarah R. Saldaña of the Northern District of Texas.  The United States contends that a FPMC representative paid illegal kickbacks to area physicians to obtain referrals for Tricare patients, a federally funded health care program, in violation of the federal law, between 2008 and 2012.  Based on the same allegations, FPMC entered into a Non-Prosecution Agreement with the United States and agreed to certain conditions, as well as a federally imposed monitor for not more than 24 months.  FPMC fully cooperated with the investigation, and by settling civilly and criminally, did not admit any wrong-doing or liability.

FPMC, located in Dallas, did not seek reimbursement from any federal sources such as Medicare and Medicaid, but only commercial payors and self-pay.  Federal and State law usually limits the amount of compensation paid to physicians and their ability to refer certain patients under federally-insured programs.  Because FPMC believed it did not accept federal funds, its representatives, to the benefit of FPMC’s behalf, offered and paid excessive remuneration and other things of value to actual and potential referring physicians or others, including amounts for “marketing” or “advertising.”  Payments also were made in the form of cash and giftcards/coupons for luxury items.  The United States alleges such payments were made to obtain federal health care program patients, such as TRICARE, a program for military retirees and their dependents.  The United States contends such payments were unlawful kickbacks for the referral of federal health care program patients in violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute between January 1, 2008, and October 31, 2012.  The United States initiated the investigation in response to numerous complaints.

In the Non-Prosecution Agreement, FPMC acknowledged the United States has sufficient evidence to seek an indictment for the offering and payment of illegal kickbacks in violation of federal law.  In return for the non-prosecution of the hospital, FPMC selected and retained an independent monitor to address any compliance issues and the United States’ concerns regarding the allegations of illegal conduct.  The monitor will be in place for not more than 24 months and will review and evaluate inpatient and outpatient claims submitted to all payors, not just federal programs. FPMC also agreed to cooperate with the United States’ ongoing investigation into certain individuals.  No persons were released under the civil and criminal agreements. The United States’ investigation remains ongoing.

U.S. Attorney Saldaña praised the efforts of the investigating agencies, including the Defense Criminal Investigative Services; FBI; Department of Labor, EBSA; Office of Inspector General of the Office of Personnel Management; and FDA-CI.

“This civil and criminal resolution spares the honest employees and investors of FPMC, while holding the hospital accountable for allowing an environment where its representatives paid illegal kickbacks for referrals,” said U.S. Attorney Saldaña.  “This outcome imposes well-deserved measures that we expect will ensure FPMC becomes fully compliant with federal and private health care program requirements.  Whether physician-owned, not-for-profit or for-profit, the Department of Justice expects, and requires, all providers to be trustworthy and abide by the law,” Saldaña continued. 
The case was handled by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Sean McKenna, Errin Martin and Lynette Wilson, and Special Assistant U.S. Attorney Glenn Harrison.

Tuesday, November 12, 2013

Activity at CRBCM

Today we have concluded a meeting with DR Zhang and (UTEP) and DR Bryan (Texas Tech) on future projects.  We have discussed our collaborative efforts on several  projects, and discussed to use "gene interference" techniques to affect several genes and see whether we can affect several pathways for the cure of cancer.
Several critical areas:
ie.  Could blocking PMS2 (MLH-1  or MLH1 protein ) increase the efficiency of 5-FU in Colon cancer?
ie. Could activation of ARF amplify MDM2 with increased proteosomal degration of P53 in certain Sarcoma?
ie. Could a genetically engineered AATCC Nucleotide set keep Telomeres busy to increase Apoptosis?
ie. Could genetic instability induced by inactivation of telomerase increase radiation sensitivity and response to certain chemotherapy agents?
ie. Examining the role of RPTPs in Alzheimer dementia
ie. Blocking the Farnesyl to delocalize RAS in lung cancers
ie. Blocking Phospholipase C in PIK3 driven cancers?

The meeting was concluded with a tour of the Laboratory.
Our work is cut out, CRBCM, is still working hard for the cure, no stone will stay unturned!

Sunday, November 10, 2013

FROM C-AMP, as an Immune modulator, TO COMPLEX LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

It is well known that cyclins which include the TNF alpha will only have a full effect on inflammatory processes after depletion of c-AMP.  That is for the inflammatory process to reach full effect activations of FRA-1( FosB) and C-Fos that need to occur. The mere stimulation of c-JUN which results from stress at the Receptor is also accompanied by CRE (CRE-tkCAT) increase (through the CRE-binding proteins) which, in a feedback process activates c-AMP to dampen the c-JUN stimulation.  The amount of activity at c-AMP is therefore a clear modulator of  inflammatory processes!
Anti -COX2 which decreases transcription of related genes, will in fact stimulate the C-JUN.
It is important to stress that as c-JUN, JUNB and subsequently c-Fos increase in number, the AP-1 complex is more formed and activated:

"The activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor which is a heterodimeric protein composed of proteins belonging to the c-Fos, c-Jun, ATF and JDP families. It regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.[1] AP-1 in turn controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.[2]
AP-1 upregulates transcription of genes containing the TPA DNA response element (TRE; 5'-TGAG/CTCA-3').[1] AP-1 binds to this DNA sequence via a basic amino acid region, while the dimeric structure is formed by a leucine zipper.[3] " wikipedia. CBPA, overexpressed in some leukemas, is a leucine Zipper!

In the JDP families is located JDP2, an inhibitor of AP-1.
Interaction of AP-1 through its ATF component will lead to activation of EP300, a gene we talked about, and which leads to cellular differentiation by its contact with the NOTCH, MAML1 and the Merlin, Again here the EP300 binds to the CREB to activate c-AMP, the immune modulator discussed.

"This gene encodes the adenovirus E1A-associated cellular p300 transcriptional co-activator protein.
The protein functions as histone acetyltransferase [4] that regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling, and is important in the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. It mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein.
This gene has also been identified as a co-activator of HIF1A (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha), and, thus, plays a role in the stimulation of hypoxia-induced genes such as VEGF.[5] wikipedia



Other virus affect JDP2, Cyclin D, and the Pim


"E1A binding protein p300 also known as EP300 or p300 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the EP300 gene.[1] This protein regulates the activity of many genes in tissues throughout the body. It plays an essential role in regulating cell growth and division, prompting cells to mature and assume specialized functions (differentiate), and preventing the growth of cancerous tumors. The p300 protein appears to be critical for normal development before and after birth.
The p300 protein carries out its function by activating transcription. To be specific, p300 connects transcription factors, which are proteins that start the transcription process, with the complex of proteins that carry out transcription in the cell's nucleus. On the basis of this function, p300 is called a transcriptional coactivator. The p300 interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more of p300 domains: the nuclear receptor interaction domain (RID), the CREB and MYB interaction domain (KIX), the cysteine/histidine regions (TAZ1/CH1 and TAZ2/CH3) and the interferon response binding domain (IBiD). The last four domains, KIX, TAZ1, TAZ2 and IBiD of p300, each bind tightly to a sequence spanning both transactivation domains 9aaTADs of transcription factor p53.[2][3]
The EP300 gene is located on the long (q) arm of the human chromosome 22 at position 13.2.
EP300 is closely related to another gene, CREB binding protein, which is found on human chromosome 16." (wikipedia)

Please note the MYB involvement:
-as it will play a role in hair discoloration,
-is downstream from the PDGF and plays a role in giving longevity to Notch dependent processes
-regulated through the miR155 in CLL
-involve Flavonoids
-involve the Avian Myeloblastosis Virus.

Note also IBiD as it modulates response to Interferon!
Please refuse to see (and I see you resisting) that P53 is engaged by this!
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THIS IS HOW THE CELL GOES FROM A SIMPLE C-AMP TO COMPLEX ACTS OF SURVIVAL VERY RAPIDLY!

Saturday, November 9, 2013

CLINICAL ASPECTS OF HIV INFECTION

The HIV challenge has many interesting aspects when it comes to pathophysiology and genetic based studies.  It goes without saying that the disease is bad and has caused many deplorable deaths.  But for scientists it has provided significant opportunity for advances as it has shed light on several aspects of this disease:
1. Viral infection: the takeover of the Human genome to the benefit of the life of the Virus
2. Sexually transmitted diseases and difficulties in controlling this line of infections, particularly in poor populations
3. Impact of hormone (Testosterone and corticoids which tend to worsen the disease such as in Kaposi Sarcoma)
4. Revealing weaknesses in the structure of our Immune systems for the decrease of CD4, to the development of lymphoproliferative disorders, to the development of opportunistic infections, to the increased risk of AIDS related lymphomas (ARL) in patients expressing Stromal cell derived Factor 1  ( and decrease risk in those having a deletion in Chemokine Receptor CCR5)
5. On the genetic front, Mutations, suppression and translocations of the c-MYC, P53, and Bcl6...
6. The disease causes the body to be swamped with Cytokines ( IL-1,6,10)
7. The disease has shown us the importance of duration of exposure as various diseases develop the longer you stay under the curb of low CD4 (less than 100) with certain diseases being seen only at certain CD4 counts.
8. New biomarkers are now defined CD30 (heightened risk of progression of ARL)
and new diagnosis  (CD138, VS38c for Plasmablastic lymphoma)
9. Early introduction of Etoposide in the treatment plan seems to be important with the resurgence of the EPOCH regimen rather than CHOP; Etoposide seems to control those Epigenetic events better!
10. Eminence of Macrophages in the inflammatory process as they drive the EGFR
and the use of Anti-VEGF in KS. An angiosarcoma...(where is Avastin?)

You name HIV, the syndrome does it.  The push for us is to go back to the genetic bases of this disease!


Friday, November 8, 2013

Genes in Breast CANCERS

1.Variants in the PALB2 gene are associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer [5] and PALB2-deficient cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors. [4]
PALB2 was recently identified as a susceptibility gene for familial pancreatic cancer by scientists at the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center at Johns Hopkins. This has paved for the way for developing a new gene test for families where pancreatic cancer occurs in multiple family members.[6] Tests for PALB2 have been developed by Ambry Genetics [7]and Myriad Genetics[8] that are now available through a genetic counselor.
Biallelic mutations in PALB2 (also known as FANCN), similar to biallelic BRCA2 mutations, cause Fanconi anemia.[3]wikipedia


2 xia et al: described superbly the role of PALB2
" the identification of PALB2, a BRCA2 binding protein. PALB2 colocalizes with BRCA2 in nuclear foci, promotes its localization and stability in key nuclear structures (e.g., chromatin and nuclear matrix), and enables its recombinational repair and checkpoint functions. In addition, multiple, germline BRCA2 missense mutations identified in breast cancer patients but of heretofore unknown biological/clinical consequence appear to disrupt PALB2 binding and disable BRCA2 HR/DSBR function. Thus, PALB2 licenses key cellular biochemical properties of BRCA2 and ensures its tumor suppression function."

3. And has mentioned hematologic complication is not very far!

" Fanconi anemia is a rare, recessive, chromosomal instability disorder characterized by growth retardation, congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition and cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents1. The syndrome is genetically heterogeneous with 12 complementation groups currently recognized, 11 of which have been attributed to distinct genes: FANCA (FA-A), FANCB (FA-B), FANCC (FA-C), BRCA2 (FA-D1), FANCD2 (FA-D2), FANCE (FA-E), FANCF (FA-F), FANCG (FA-G), BRIP1 (FA-J), FANCL (FA-L) and FANCM (FA-M)2, 3." Sarah Reid et al....

4. And the devastation does not stop to Fanconi and Breast cancer!

ERKKO et al:

"These results indicate that PALB2 is a breast cancer susceptibility gene that, in a suitably mutant form, may also contribute to familial prostate cancer development." in a Finnish population

SIAN JONES ET AL

"the role of PALB2 as a susceptibility gene for pancreatic cancer. PALB2 mutations have been previously reported in patients with familial breast cancer, and the PALB2 protein is a binding partner for BRCA2. "

SOME AUTHORS ADD GALLBLADDER,MELANOMA AND GASTRIC CANCERS TO THIS SAD LITANY.
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6.RAD51

"In humans, RAD51 is a 339-amino acid protein that plays a major role in homologous recombination of DNA during double strand break repair. In this process, an ATP dependent DNA strand exchange takes place in which a template strand invades base-paired strands of homologous DNA molecules. RAD51 is involved in the search for homology and strand pairing stages of the process.
Unlike other proteins involved in DNA metabolism, the RecA/Rad51 family forms a helical nucleoprotein filament on DNA.[2]
This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA, BRCA2, PALB2[3] and RAD52."WIKIPEDIA

RAD 51 KEEPS BAD ASSOCIATIONS, BROADENING THE DANGER!

" RAD51 has been shown to interact with BRE,[12] RAD54B,[13] Ataxia telangiectasia mutated,[14] BRCC3,[12] BARD1,[12] BRCA2,[12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][6][22][23][24][25] UBE2I,[26][27] Abl gene,[14] BRCA1,[12][24][28][29] ATRX,[13][30] RAD52,[14] DMC1,[31] P53[12][32][33] and Bloom syndrome protein.[34]"WIKIPEDIA

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ON TOP OF ALL THIS 
YOU STILL HAVE 
- CDH1
- p53 MUTATIONS
- PTEN

OUR WORK IS CUT OUT TO TRAVEL THIS MAZE!

Thursday, November 7, 2013

SOME LITTLE GENES WITH A BIG IDEA: SHP GENE

IF YOU KNOW HOW IMPORTANT ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ARE IN BREAST CANCERS,
IF YOU KNOW HOW IMPORTANT ANDROGEN RECEPTORS ARE IN PROSTATE CANCER
IF YOU REALIZE HOW IMPORTANT THE THYROID FUNCTION IS DRIVING THE RATE OF METABOLISM
IF YOU REALIZE THE DIFFICULTY THAT POSES HEPATOMA IN TERMS OF TREATMENT,
IF YOU KNOW THAT SARCOMA IS TOUGH TO TREAT,

THEN YOU SHOULD DIG DEEPER IN UNDERSTANDING THAT ALL THESE RECEPTORS HAVE ONLY ONE INHIBITOR, THE "SMALL HETERODIMER PARTNER"  GENE!

WHAT IS IT AND HOW AND WHEN SHOULD IT COME IN?

Small heterodimer partner has been shown to interact with:

I refuse to comment on the PPARgamma for now, did you know that this is the staff that interacts with Rb1?  watch it as it is coming to a Diabetic control and evaluation near you!

At CRBCM we are working hard!