Saturday, October 5, 2013

DUPLICITE ROLE OF BMPs (BONE MORPHOGENIC PROTEINS)

While one will see their role in bone formation (BMP3) as evidently suggested by their name, in cancer medicine, the BMPs are more important in their potential to direct metastatic disease to the  bones, to affect response to Androgen in metastatic Prostate cancers (BMP2)
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Alteration of gene expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein-2 in androgen-dependent human prostate cancer LNCaP cells.

Source

Department of Hygiene-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, a multifunctional member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily with powerful osteoinductive effects, has various biological activities in a variety of cells. We observed that BMP-2 inhibits cell proliferation in the androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. To investigate the mechanism of inhibition of androgen-dependent growth by BMP-2, we compared the gene expression in LNCaP cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to that of LNCaP cells treated with DHT and BMP-2, using DNA microarray analysis......"
===================================================

BUT ALSO TO AFFECT THE METABOLISM OF IRON

ie.." BMP6 Plays a role in joint integrity in adults. Controls iron homeostasis via regulation of hepcidin."WIKIPEDIA.

THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF CYTOKINES THAT ARE MADE IN FAMILY WITH EACH OF THE MEMBERS AFFECTING VARIOUS TARGET CELLS, TO ACHIEVE A PANOPLY OF EFFECTS.
Hepcidin is one of the major modulator (regulatory hormone)of Iron  metabolism.  It decreases significantly in Hemochromatosis while increase in Iron deficiency as if increasing liver ability to store Iron!

The gene encoding the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin is regulated by anemia, hypoxia, and inflammation

Gaƫl Nicolas,1et al.

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removal of cellular Iron is "toxic" to certain bacterial and lack of Iron leads to Increase of transferrins (Iron carriers) increasing their chance to interact with class I MHC decreasing innate immunologic defense A BIG WAY FOR CANCER CELLS TO ESCAPE IMMUNOLOGIC SURVEILLANCE.   SURPRISE SURPRISE IRON DEFICIENCY IS NOT GOOD FOR YOU IF YOU HAVE CANCER!

speculations in errors of metabolism!

*How a single nucleotide polymorphism affect
-gene regulator
-messenger RNA
-proteins
-metabolomic effects

Post-transcriptional modification affect the destiny of the resulting proteins
variations in splicing  to protein isoform
prediction of protein plasticity variation based on electronic raprochement and disposition throughout the molecule

patient with nanism
and their susceptibility or not to vascular disease
or metabolic disease,
variation of metabolic flow in nanism

genetic variations that may induce early cancers (through genomic microarrays)

while looking at Butein, select observational SNPs, and P-450,CYP, electrolytes (Mg,Zn,Fe) to see in whom positive effect is observed

what variation in flow is a consequence of the mutation
is there a different metabolite produced (Galactitol-cataract,   G-1-phosphatase-liver and Ovarian failure)
what enzyme is exacerbated as a result of the mutation
does this mutation affect an autophosphorylating gene

Are some forms of dementia linked to galactose-1-phosphate levels? can we slow down the disease through inhibition of G1P.

Is GLI-1 a flippase
and GLI-2 a floppase? located at 2 different pole of the cell


Friday, October 4, 2013

NOT ONE BUT 4 CRBCM ABSTRACTS SELECTED, WE ARE INDEED IN THE KNOW! WORK AHEAD AWAIT!

BIOMED Symposium - Abstracts Accepted
Inbox
x

Neyha Sehgal <NSehgal@bmiamericas.org>
4:48 PM (7 minutes ago)

to me
Dear Dr. Kankonde:

Congratulations! On Behalf of the Selection Committee, I am pleased to inform you that your three abstracts have been selected for presentation at the 1st Annual BIOMED Symposium on October 26, 2013 at the Camino Real in Downtown El Paso. Your posters will be displayed in the Mezzanine (Level 2) and published in the 1st BIOMED Poster Sessions Abstract Book. Poster awards will be announced during the Collaboration Grant Reception and Networking session from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Registration Information
Pre-registration is required for all poster presenters. Please register online for the event at www.mcabiomed.com. Registration is $25 before October 18, and includes breakfast and lunch. After October 18, registration is $45 online and $65 at the door. Funding opportunities will be available only to presenters who are registered.

Guidelines for Poster Presentations
To assist you in preparing for your presentation, additional information is attached. Should you have any questions or need additional assistance, please contact me at (915) 773-5804 or by email at nsehgal@bmiamericas.org.

Again, let me congratulate you on being selected to present at the Symposium. We look forward to seeing you.

Enclosure:
1.      Guidelines for Poster Presentations

Sincerely,

Neyha Sehgal | Assistant Director of Market Analysis
BioMedical Institute of the Americas
201 East Main Street, Suite 401
El Paso, Texas 79901

Medical Center of the Americas Foundation
The Medical Center of the Americas (MCA) Foundation is a 501(c)3 organization that advances the development of the MCA campus and the region’s biomedical innovation pipeline. The vision is to position the Paso del Norte region as the leader of health services delivery, medical education and research concentrating on issues unique to Hispanic, border and military populations. Go to MCAmericas.org.

BioMedical Institute of the Americas
The BioMedical Institute of the Americas (BMIA) is a 501(c)3 created by the MCA Foundation to accelerate growth of biomedical innovations taking place in the Paso del Norte. The BMIA does this through translational research programs, incubation and economic cluster development. Go to MCAmericas.org/bmia.
---------------------------------------------
THE 4TH IS THE LUNG CANCER PROJECT ACCEPTED BY MDHONORS AND BEING IN FULL SWING OF PROGRESS WITH UTEP!  TISSUES WERE PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA TISSUE BANK!

WHAT GOT MY ATTENTION

*THE COMBINATION OF ERIBULIN WITH XEALODA IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER.
*WHAT REMAINS A QUESTION IS THE ROLE OF INTERFERON AS AN ADJUVANT  (OR MAINTENANCE )THERAPY IN TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
*I COULD SEE HOW THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR WOULD BE OF IMPORTANCE IN LUMINAL A BREAST CANCER GIVEN ITS RICH HORMONE RECEPTOR PRESENCE (WHEN LOW Ki-67 IS PRESENT)

REPORTS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES

*Breast cancer remains the most frequent cancer in women
the 5 year survival has improved however from 75% to the 90%  over the last 30 Years
mostly for early disease because of early detection and better adjuvant therapies!

Metastatic breast cancers remains however incurable (Jennifer Klem et al)

4 types:
Luminal A mostly ER and PR positive (Hormone rich) with low Ki-67
Luminal B (Her-2 negative by ER/PR positive with high Ki-67
Luminal B (Her-2 positive and ER/PR positive with random Ki-67
Basal like which is triple negative
HER-2 positive

Hormone positive treated with Endocrine therapy
Hormone negative treated with Chemotherapy

Combination therapy in patient losing performance status, and Visceral involvement and heavy tumor burden.
For Her-2 positive - Taxol-Herceptin would be an option (Her positive means 3+ on IHC or Fish >2.2 amplification(ASCO),  T-DM1 and perjeta could add to the Herceptin option   while,
for ER/PR positive-addition of everolimus could add to hormone therapy"

"Everolimus Gains FDA Approval for Metastatic Breast Cancer"

Afinitor may be given with exemestane for hormone receptor-positive, HER2 negative disease
August 1, 2012
Written By Nicole Katze, MA, Writer and Editorial Coordinator
Reviewed By Robert A. Somer, MD"

Research Underway at CRBCM! thanks to MDHONORS'FUNDING

INTERNAL COMMUNICATION
Mutombo Kankonde <drkcancerclinic@gmail.com>
Oct 1 (3 days ago)

to Jianying, choi
Good Afternoon,
the five first tissues have been shipped and will arrive at your laboratory tomorrow morning.
Please find below the tracking number and shipment details.
With best regards,
Peggy Kankonde
Office Manager & Research Coordinator
--
We have moved to a new location on Sept.6th, 2013:

Dr. Mutombo KANKONDE M.D., M.Ph.
Greater East Cancer Center & CRBCM
Coalition for the Reversal of Breast Cancer Mortality in African American Women

Thursday, October 3, 2013

Interesting aspects of Herpetic Infections

No infection is as intriguing as the Herpetic infection.  Its interest lays in several facts
1. The mere fact that a Third of the US population may be involved makes this disease one of the most prevalent ones,  but it is also feared.  Whether the fear is justified or not remains a question.
2. Certainly it has something to do with horrific stories of potential recurrence of horrific burning neuropathic pains that we have heard about. Science does not know for sure whether only specific viral serotypes lead to this or whether certain hosts genes isoforms or inflammatory reactions  may be contributing to this presentation.
3. The outbreak is accompanied with guilt and sense of guiltiness that is mostly unjustified...many questions arise after the realization that those painful skin or otherwise lesions could be herpetic...that a partner you have gave this to you and that you may give this to a new partner?  Those questions are valid but with the prominence of the prevalence of this disease in the US, who and when one got exposed to Herpes is one of the great mysteries in herpetic disease.  Herpes 1 has been linked to Over crowding, and Herpes 2 is the one with a sexual connotation.  But one should remember that the Herpetic Virus will invade teguments (particularly abrasions) when contact happens, sexual or not!  And very often this happens in our tender ages of infancy.  Remember the infection can be symptomatic, but most of the time completely without any clinical manifestations. And enters quietly a dormancy.
4. The dormancy itself is quite a puzzling event!  All we know is that the capsule to this double stranded DNA viral particule is from the host!  This may help it to be "tolerated " by the host.  We can speculate that class I MHC will not be bothered. Only the class II may note the invader most likely and provide the Antibody that we can measure!
5. The exacerbation of the herpetic infection is also puzzling in many ways
-It happens when we are under stress (menstruation and exposure to UV light), pregnancy state and post chemotherapy, the so called state of "when the immune system" is down!
-To the writer this is a state of activity of the c-JUN and Fos, the NF-kB and full epigenetic phenomena as if cyclines and TNF, TGFs are in full swing!  Epigenetic events seem to free or unleash genes (regulators or not) that will reactivate the Virus.
-How and where these events occur (Golgi, Nucleus, or cytosolic) remains to be clarified.

 (Let raise the eyelid of this dormant disease and look at it through its eyes/pupils without awakening it!)

6. The bad exacerbation could be virally induced or it could be in fact a reaction of the Host  (Neutrophilic Grazymes) or Cyclin effects.  ie. In post Brain trauma injury (TBI) we know that post synaptic nerve death is due to  Cytokins that kill post synaptic nerve, is it the same in this herpetic disease?And if it is, what would be the therapeutic implications?!

Wednesday, October 2, 2013

Reports from various sources

*In Metastatic Renal cell cancer :  Sutent Response rate was 38%
with median response duration 53 weeks
most of the responses were observed in 12 weeks (European Journal)

*In Metastatic HER-2 positive Breast cancers, Adding chemotherapy to Herceptin increases the response Rate from 15-26% to 60-70%, weekly Taxol +/- Carboplatin is one of the option aside from Vinorelbie and Taxotere with improvement of both the one year and overall survival!

*Lapatinib, a dual EGFR-1 and Her-2 Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor, when combined to Capecitabine only increase  (more likely double) for sure progression free survival.  The overall survival could not be proven because of cross-over! (ASCO)

Tuesday, October 1, 2013

And the questions dance continua

1.Can infusion of purified IL-17 boost the anti-cancer property of IL-2?
2.Can infusion of IL4 (IL-10, TGF-beta) helps in treatment of autoimmune diseases
3.can elimination of Treg cells boost the effect of IL-2
4.Can TCR editing or "molecular mimicry" be used in cancer therapeutics.
5 What the associated biomarkers that could be in conjunction with HLA typing to predict response to therapy or cancer responsiveness to  autoimmune therapeutic intervention?
6.Can inhibitors of the  NOTCH pathways or the Wnt treat Pemphigus
7. what is the role of human opsonins in cancer therapy (surfactant A and D, Fibronectin, Vitronectin in lung cancer)

Sunday, September 29, 2013

potential questions in biomedical science

questions in basic medical sciences

1.  Can new heat shock Proteins made to be recognized by the the endosomal immune system?
2.  Can cancer cells express DNA motifs recognizable by the TLR9
3.  Can cytokines (IL11, IL 17, GCSF,Interferon-beta, be used as reliable predictor markers of pulmonary fibrosis in patient treated with Bleomycin)
4.  Can we electively silence MHC class I on cancer cell enough to trigger the "missing self Hypothesis".

(CD159,CD 158, CD 85)

5.Review the full role of Immunoglobulin-like transcription receptors
6.Harvesting Metastatic potential of cancer cell in their tagging with IgG susceptible to trigger FcyR NK cell-antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity.  (survey of cancer cell receptors).
7Quantifying heat shock proteins in normal Vs cancer cells as a way to detect cancer cells, targeting them for increased scusceptibilty to be detected by dendritic cells?
8. Silencing MHC class I gene in cancer cells could be a significant way to trigger NK cells
9. Can perturbation at the FAK, decrease of E-Cadherin be associated with antigenic triggering  changes of memebrane phospholipids?
10. developement of small peptide susceptible to change MHC class I in cancer cells
11.  pertubations of endonuclease in cancer cell as a way to induce changes in TCR
12.  Is TAP (transporter in Antigen Processing) a valid target in cancer therapy?

Saturday, September 28, 2013

OVEREXPRESSION OF TRIB3 AMD SUPPRESSION OF TIAF1,NEW TARGETS IN THERAPY!

Based on our current understanding most receptor failure will go on to induce the stress related pathways which ultimately will go on to produce epigenetic events which will include not only transcription factors production but also significant cytokines production.  Some of these Cytokines includes growth factors which not only have the role of inducing growth of the cell, but also blocking Apoptosis.
The activation of NF-kB, one of our stress coping pathway, happens to induce TRIB3 but this elevation has a negative regulator effect on the NF-kB therefore decreasing the intensity of one of the most significant trigger (in chronic exposure to irritant stimuli) or amplifier  of specific cancers, and driver of cytokine production.   Activating  this TRIB3 could have significant effect in autoimmune diseases and have a significant effect in supportive cancer treatment and maintenance settings.

TIAF1, however, needs to be suppressed because it is the mechanism by the TGF to block death of cells.
In diseases where growth factors are the drivers , block the hell out of this TIAF1 please.     At CRBCM we are trying to see if these 2 interventions may help IL-2 effect in melanoma and Renal cancers.  FUNDS are missing so please help if you can!
What we keep as a secret is the work on anti-granulin (because here Cyclin T is involved, and with it TRIB3)!(HIV is not far a target!)


"The protein encoded by this gene is a putative protein kinase that is induced by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. The encoded protein is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB, and can also sensitize cells to TNF- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, this protein can negatively regulate the cell survival serine-threonine kinase AKT1.[3]

Interactions

TRIB3 has been shown to interact with:

Friday, September 27, 2013

CPRIT NEW BOARD MEMBERS APPOINTED

THINGS  ARE GETTING IN SHAPE AT CPRIT AS GOVERNOR RICK PERRY HAS NOMINATED NEW MEMBERS TO THE BOARD.  THESE NOMINATIONS REPORTEDLY WERE MANDATED BY STATE LAW.
CPRIT IS STILL RESHAPING ITSELF AND WILL BE SOON BACK INTO OPERATION BEFORE THE END OF THE YEAR ACCORDING TO SEVERAL SOURCES... MANY STILL ARE HOPEFUL THIS TIME AROUND WILL BE LESS POLITICAL AND BIASED!
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CRBCM MEANWHILE HAS COMPLETED A MOVE AIMED AT HAVING A DIRECT FRONTAGE TO THE STREET.  OUR PELLICANO LOCATION GIVES US DIRECT STREET EXPOSURE AS WE WELCOME WALK-INS.

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 THE BEGINNING OF OCTOBER WILL MARK THE START OF THE FULL COLLABORATION WITH UTEP ON THE LUNG CANCER DETECTION EVALUATION.  PER CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT, THE PI WILL BE PROFESSOR JIANYING ZHANG and the University of Virginia is still providing the tissue SAMPLES.  CRBCM is providing additional funding for the project !

FOR POWER, WATCH THE COMPANY YOU KEEP! IBRUTINIB, A WONDER DRUG.

 IBRUTINIB, A WONDER DRUG.
=========================
If there is a wonder drug, nothing comes close to Ibrutinib!  This drug could be a wonder drug for sure because it affect not only powerful genes that cause malformations when they are mutated (a clear power of the gene) but also involve all mighty "wild genes" (those  having multiple interactions).
Malformations involved  by the Bruton (BTK) gene are particularly wide going from Agammaglobulinemia which kill children with multiple infections, to the Sturge-Weber syndrome which lead to mental Retardation and seizures, to the Albright syndrome!  Even bone dysmorphy is in the wing.

wild genes involved include the Gerb2 through the GAB1, the LYN, PTPN1 etc...
The mere involvement of the Adenyl Cyclase remind us of some of the undesirable effect of powerful infection such as E.coli, Mycobacterium, and the Whooping cough!  All these various pathways are affected broadening the impact of Ibrutinib to all white blood cell neoplastic process!

By affecting the GNAQ, Bruton's Inhibitor  could work in Uveal Melanoma theoritically

And through inhibition of the GPCR family (S1PR1) Bruton inhibitor could act in Angiosarcoma and harmartomatous syndromes. Remember RIC8A and the Gs -ALPHA are affected!

Investors, if you have not jump on the wagon, it is not too late!  Ibrutinib is a wild one with unlimited potential!  IBRUTINIB IS POWERFUL BECAUSE OF THE GENE COMPANY IT KEEPS!
===========================================
the CRBCM has not invested in any drug to this point! But the science is behind this drug!
===========================================


WIKIPEDIA comes to the Rescue with scientific comments!


In preclinical studies on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, ibrutinib has been reported to promote apoptosis, inhibit proliferation, and also prevent CLL cells from responding to survival stimuli provided by the microenvironment.[11] In this study, treatment of activated CLL cells with ibrutinib resulted in inhibition of Btk tyrosine phosphorylation and also effectively abrogated downstream survival pathways activated by this kinase including ERK1/2, PI3K, and NF-ĪŗB. Additionally, ibrutinib inhibited proliferation of CLL cells in vitro, effectively blocking survival signals provided externally to CLL cells from the microenvironment including soluble factors (CD40L, BAFF, IL-6, IL-4, and TNF-Ī±), fibronectin engagement and stromal cell contact.
In early clinical studies, the activity of ibrutinib has been described to include a rapid reduction in lymphadenopathy accompanied by a transient lymphocytosis, suggesting that the drug might have direct effects on cell homing or migration to factors in tissue microenvironments.[12]
Ibrutinib has been reported to reduce CLL cell chemotaxis towards the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13, and inhibit cellular adhesion following stimulation at the B cell receptor.[13][14] Together, these data are consistent with a mechanistic model whereby ibrutinib blocks BCR signaling, which drives cells into apoptosis and/or disrupts cell migration and adherence to protective tumor microenvironments.

1.S1PR1 is one of the main responsible of vascular growth and development, at least during embryogenesis.[9] In vascular endothelial cells the binding of S1P to S1PR1 induces migration, proliferation, cell survival and morphogenesis into capillary-like structures.[10] Moreover, the binding of S1P to S1PR1 is implicated in the formation of cell-cell adherens junctions, therefore inhibiting paracellular permeability of solutes and macromolecules.[11][12] It was also shown in vivo that S1P synergizes with angiogenic factors such as FGF-2 and VEGF in inducing angiogenesis and vascular maturation through S1PR1.[12][13] showed that S1PR1-KO mice died during development due to a defect in vascular stabilization, suggesting that this receptor is essential for vascular development. In conclusion, several evidences confirm that S1P via S1PR1 is a potent regulator of vascular growth and development, at least during embryogenesis.[9]

2.RGS16.  It inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits.

3.GNAQ1 activity is terminated by:

Activation of GNAQ1 is terminated by a GTPase intrinsic to the G-alpha subunit. G-alpha-q is the alpha subunit of one of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins that mediates stimulation of phospholipase C-beta (MIM 600230).[supplied by OMIM][2]
4. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (abbreviated Btk or BTK) is a type of kinase enzyme implicated in the primary immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Bruton's agammaglobulinemia). Its exact mechanism of action remains unknown, but it plays a crucial role in B cell maturation as well as mast cell activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor. Patients with XLA have normal pre-B cell populations in their bone marrow but these cells fail to mature and enter the circulation. The Btk gene is located on the X chromosome.[1] At least 400 mutations of the Btk gene have been identified.WIKIPEDIA


ROLE OF GLYCOPEPTIDE (receptor) ALTERATION IN THE MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION

One of the function of the Glycan coverage of protein receptor is not only to be a an integral part of the Glycopeptide nature of the receptor as it is recognized, but to also induce Antigenic like recognition by the immune system when the cell is altered as it occurs during a neoplastic transformation of the cell.  During such a transformation, it is believed that cyclines and altered FAK abnormally produced may cause membrane alterations which include alterations at cellular receptors that will dampen cellular induction of chemokines that could be naturally induced.  This effect will reduce normal recognition of cellular abnormality, and dampen caspase 3 stimulation as well as allowing the changed cell to escape immune recognition.   There is indeed a cascade of maneuvers that allow the cell to survive a neoplastic transformation.  Aside for an uncontrolled DNA duplication and cellular proliferation, gene alterations and mistakes must be tolerated through suppression of control genetic mechanisms, gen repair must fail, BRCA genes and the like of them must be "mutated" and Breaks such as P53 must be 'MUTATED" to let the neoplastic process advance. Suppressor gene such as Rb1 must be silenced!  Receptors under the attack of cytokines, will have their Glycan portion altered.  the Receptor consequently become resistant to its stimulant growth factor, a fact which under normal considition will stimulate further growth factor to try to conquer the resistance, this increase will stimulate intact secondary factor and dampen some pathway genes (PTEN) an break to the PI3K pathway.  further stressful action will start the HSP family of Heat stroke Protein and cause the c-JUN/c-fos, increasing further epigenetic events....Again glycopeptide alteration is a critical step in cellular tolerance of malignant transformed cell (IT IS BELIEVED)

Thursday, September 26, 2013

NEW! Market Research

Clinical Trial Detail

◄ Back to Search

Studies on Tumors of the Thyroid

See this on ClinicalTrials.gov See this in ClinicalTrials.org
Trial Phase


N/A
Enrollment Quota
Trial Size
99999999
Specialty: Endocrinology,Internal Medicine,Oncology
Subspecialty: Endocrine Oncology,Thyroid/Parathyroid,Endocrinology,Hematology/Oncology,Endocrine Oncology
Sponsor: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Study Start Date: May 1977
Estimated Completion Date: Not specified

Interventions

No interventions cited

Inclusion criteria

  • Adults and children with known or suspected thyroid neoplasm will be considered for participation. Enrollment will be capped accordingly:
  • Patients with thyroid nodules requiring evaluation and possible biopsy (no more than 30 per year)
  • Patients with recent diagnosis of thyroid cancer requiring consultation and counseling about therapeutic options (no more than 10 per year)
  • Patients with established thyroid cancer requiring specialized studies such as (131)I dosimetry (no more than 5 per year)
  • Enrollment of high risk, non-iodine avid, inoperable thyroid cancer only for purposes of screening for eligibility for other specific thyroid cancer protocols

Exclusion criteria

  • Serious underlying medical conditions that restrict diagnostic testing or therapy such as renal failure, congestive cardiac failure or active coexisting non-thyroid carcinoma
  • Patients unable or unwilling to give informed consent

Study Locations And Contact Information

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda Maryland
    Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office (PRPL) 800-411-1222 prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov

Description:

Participants in this study will be patients diagnosed with or suspected to have a thyroid nodule or thyroid cancer. The main purpose of this study is to further understand the methods for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Many of the test performed are in the context of standard medical care that is offered to all patients with thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer. Other tests are performed for research purposes. In addition, blood and tissue samples will be taken for research and genetic studies.


See this on ClinicalTrials.gov See this in ClinicalTrials.org
◄ Back to Search

Related Articles MDlinx Article Summaries on Similar Topics from Clinician-Valued Journals


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Just an annoucement from the "District"

"Evaluation of the recent cases of perinatal HIV infection and/or exposure shows that some of our HIV-infected District residents need more support, ranging from medication adherence and medical appointment compliance to more social issues such as inadequate housing and food insecurity.  As such, the HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Administration has made pregnancy in HIV-infected women a reportable condition.  This change was made so that we can ensure the health of pregnant women, prevent the transmission of a communicable disease and offer medical and/or social services they may require. 
 
The report form is available at the DOH website (http://doh.dc.gov/page/doh-applications-and-forms).  It is also attached to this announcement.  For additional details there is an attached “Dear Colleague” letter that was agreed to by our local American Academy of Pediatrics and local American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists chapters.  There is also a Frequently Asked Questions document. 
 

New, expanded library hours start Oct. 1.  More hours for story time.  More hours for community meetings.  More hours to use free computers.  Check out the library's new hours at dclibrary.org/newhours."

Be aware of PAX8

What is the normal function of the PAX8 gene?

The PAX8 gene belongs to a family of genes that plays a critical role in the formation of tissues and organs during embryonic development. The PAX gene family is also important for maintaining the normal function of certain cells after birth. To carry out these roles, the PAX genes provide instructions for making proteins that attach to specific areas of DNA. By attaching to critical DNA regions, these proteins help control the activity of particular genes (gene expression). On the basis of this action, PAX proteins are called transcription factors.
During embryonic development, the PAX8 protein is thought to activate genes involved in the formation of the kidney and the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped tissue in the lower neck. It releases hormones that play an important role in regulating growth, brain development, and the rate of chemical reactions in the body (metabolism). Following birth, the PAX8 protein regulates several genes involved in the production of thyroid hormones.(fromGenetics home reference)

=======================================
It is now used a biomarker:

"PAX8 is expressed in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. A study of three cases with histological correlates "
European Journal of Endocrinology, 07/01/2013

Bellevicine C et al. – The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PAX8 could identify anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) also on cytology. PAX8 immunocytochemistry can help the cytopathologist to diagnose ATC.
===========================


 "





Wednesday, September 25, 2013

just in now!

Developed under the direction and sponsorship of Bristol-Myers Squibb.


Subject: Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for 
YERVOY (ipilimumab) on the Risks of and Recommended
 Management for Severe Immune-mediated Adverse Reactions
Dear Healthcare Provider:

This letter is intended to inform you about the risk evaluation and

 mitigation strategy (REMS), developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb
 in collaboration with FDA, that is required to ensure that the 
benefits of YERVOY outweigh the risks of severe and fatal 
immune-mediated adverse reactions.

The YERVOY full Prescribing Information includes the following

 Boxed Warning:

WARNING: IMMUNE-MEDIATED ADVERSE REACTIONS
YERVOY can result in severe and fatal immune-mediated 
adverse reactions due to T-cell activation and proliferation. 
These immune-mediated reactions may involve any organ
 system; however, the most common severe
 immune-mediated adverse reactions are enterocolitis,
 hepatitis, dermatitis (including toxic epidermal necrolysis),
 neuropathy, and endocrinopathy. The majority of these
 immune-mediated reactions initially manifested during 
treatment; however, a minority occurred weeks to months
 after discontinuation of YERVOY.

Permanently discontinue YERVOY and initiate systemic

 high dose corticosteroid therapy for severe immune-mediated 
reactions. [See Dosage and Administration (2.2)]

Assess patients for signs and symptoms of enterocolitis, 

dermatitis, neuropathy and endocrinopathy and evaluate 
clinical chemistries including liver function tests and thyroid 
function tests at baseline and before each dose. [See Warnings 
and Precautions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5)]


This letter is not a comprehensive description of the risks associated with

 the use of YERVOY. The Boxed Warning summarizes the most common
 and severe immune-mediated adverse reactions. Healthcare providers
 must read the boxed warning and accompanying full Prescribing Information 
 for a complete description of these risks and their management. 
 You are advised to discuss the risks that may be associated with 
YERVOY therapy with patients and their caregivers. The YERVOY
 patient Medication Guide contains information about the known and
 potential risks of YERVOY.

REMS OVERVIEW
The YERVOY REMS consists of a Communication Plan to inform 

Healthcare Providers of the serious risks of YERVOY, to facilitate 
early identification of these risks, and an overview of recommended 
management of patients with moderate or more severe immune-mediated 
adverse reactions. Bristol-Myers Squibb will make available this
 Dear Healthcare Provider Letter and the following communication 
plan materials in print, electronic and web-based formats:


  • Patient Wallet Card
    • A foldable patient resource containing a list of symptoms 
    •  associated with YERVOY adverse reactions and contact
    •  information for the patient's prescribing healthcare provider
For additional information regarding YERVOY or additional copies of
 the YERVOY REMS materials you may:
•  Call the Bristol-Myers Squibb toll-free medical information line at 1-800-321-1335
•  Visit the YERVOY web site at www.YERVOY.com/hcp/rems

REPORTING ADVERSE REACTIONS
Healthcare providers should report all suspected adverse reactions associated with the use of YERVOY. Please contact Bristol-Myers Squibb at 1-800-721-5072 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.



Sincerely,

John Tsai, MD
Vice President, Head of US Pharmaceuticals Medical
Bristol-Myers Squibb


This letter is required and approved by FDA as part of the YERVOY REMS.

References: YERVOY Full Prescribing Information, 03/11
731US11REMS00101 03/11

Genetic going deeper in the Obesity research!

Going deep into Obesity issues and tumor induced cachexia, we stumble upon RIP 140, Sp1, and believe or not E2F1(a wild gene).
"RIP140 is part of the chain by which tumors can cause cachexia.[15][16]
Levels of RIP140 expression in various tissues varies during aging in mice, suggesting changes in metabolic function.[17] RIP140 is implicated in certain human disease processes. In morbid obesity, RIP140 levels are down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue.[18] In breast cancer, RIP140 is involved in regulation of E2F1, an oncogene which discriminates between luminal and basal types of tumours. RIP140 has an influence upon cancer phenotype and prognosis.[19] In addition, RIP140 has a role in inflammation, since it acts as a coactivator for NFkappaB/RelA-dependent cytokine gene expression. Lack of RIP140 leads to an inhibition of proinflammatory pathways in macrophages."
wikipedia

It seems that this is where Obesity becomes a disease by its state of high inflammatory state.  The diease process in Obesity is defined or determined by a relatively high level of Growth factor and Cytokines inducing major deleterious consequences on the muscle skeletal system through the activated NF-KB.  The RIP 140 (also known as NRIP1) is hard at  work.  Remember it interacts with DAX1 which involves the COPS2 (nothing to do with the police!),SREBF1 (the bone modulator) and SF1 ("feminization" of the obese individual). 
It is clearly important that the understanding and measurement of the obese  by clear new biomarkers allow us to establish new guidelines for monitoring.  Following BMI, lipid profile and pushing diet is clearly insufficient.  Blocking the central Nervous system to force mental rejection of food is not the only answer ...remember RIP-140 modulation is part of cachexia induced by Tumors. 

(remember the rule, if it can induce a malformation, it is an important gene (check out DAX1 and SREBF1)
Othre gene in the link TRERF1, CREB-binding protein,EP 300.

Get to work!  At CRBCM...the race is on!

Tuesday, September 24, 2013

Breakthrough!

"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted breakthrough therapy designation to volasertib for the treatment of patients with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia who are ineligible for intensive remission induction therapy, and who are 65 or older. Volasertib is an investigational inhibitor of polo-like kinase (Plk)." from Oncology time.  go to full article

*Kathy Miller from Indiana University suggests that the best adjuvant chemotherapy in relevent Breast cancer patient is AC Q3weeks followed by weekly Paclitaxel as it has comparative efficacy and better tolerance of the weekly Taxol part!

How long you can live: Determination through the genes! DO YOU KNOW YOUR FOXO3 VARIANT?

Many patients that I meet these days stress during my interview with them that their own parents died of "old age".  Meaning that there seems to be a certain finality to life of humans.  There will be a time when despite good care and prevention, human life will end.  Patients deny their parents died of heart failure, stroke or any other cause but "old age" as if at some point we are doomed to a programmed death.  Inquisition into people who live longer (more then a hundred years) point to the existence of a gene, a particular variant FOXO3 (see below).  DO YOU KNOW YOUR FOXO3 VARIANT?
Evidence abounds now that how long we shall live is encrypted in our genes, but no one seems to rush to offer this option of an approach to care because it is not as simple as that!  But I still believe that for proper "advance directives" preparation of this information should be included as we gauge our sens of survival!   At the individual cellular level, basically this FOXO3,4,6 upregulates BIM and PUMA (wild animal in us keeping us alive!) and downregulates (FLIP) to slow programmed cellular death (Apoptosis).  The interesting thing is this FOX ability to work is very tightly linked to energy!  Yes, when you touch the FOXO, Galactose and Insulin metabolisms come right at you! As if telling you if you monitor me closely (as in Biomarkers) you may know what FOXY is doing.  In other words, the GALT gene is a good Biomarker of FOXO3.  And may tell you the status of cancer cells! (think carefully) during and after treatments!"
A variant of FOXO3 has been shown to be associated with longevity in humans. It is found in most centenarians across a variety of ethnic groups around the world.[7][8] The homologous genes daf-16 in the nematode C. elegans and dFOXO in the fruit fly are also associated with longevity in those organisms."
DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.[1] DAF-16 is notable for being the primary transcription factor required for the profound lifespan extension observed upon mutation of the insulin-like receptor daf-2.[2] Moreover, the tractability of C. elegans as a model and interest in teasing out this conserved aging-associated genetic pathway allowed the intricacies of Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Signaling (IIS) to be thoroughly characterized primarily through studies using this model organism.[3]wikipedia

 "The expression of GALT is controlled by the actions of the FOXO3 gene. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined.[1]wikipedia"

Monday, September 23, 2013

Major implication of the Gli-1

I.  The Gli-1 gene
affects the following other genes
---PDGFR in mesenchymal tissue
---FOXM1
---Sufu
---SP1, USF1
---Twist1
---CyclinD2
---Plakoglobulin
---Shh

II. PTCH1:  Act as a receptor to the Hedgehog ---the contact releases the SMO
Revant Info-Vismodegib
"The substance acts as a cyclopamine-competitive antagonist of the smoothened receptor (SMO) which is part of the hedgehog signaling pathway.[2] SMO inhibition causes the transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 to remain inactive, which prevents the expression of tumor mediating genes within the hedgehog pathway.[4] This pathway is pathogenetically relevant in more than 90% of basal-cell carcinomas.[5]"wikipedia

link to chondrosarcoma is most puzzling
role in bladder cancer still to be explored, mostly I guess in the squamous type?
in Medulloblastoma?

Focus on Peroxisome

Peroxisomes IPA: [pɛɜĖˆÉ¹É’ksÉŖĖŒsoŹŠmz][1] (also called microbodies) are organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic cells.[2] They are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, D-amino acids, polyamines, and biosynthesis of plasmalogens, i.e. ether phospholipids critical for the normal function of mammalian brains and lungs.[3] They also contain approximately 10% of the total activity of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is important for energy metabolism.[3] It is vigorously debated if peroxisomes are involved in isoprenoid and cholesterol synthesis in animals.[3] Other known peroxisomal functions include the glyoxylate cycle in germinating seeds ("glyoxysomes"), photorespiration in leaves,[4] glycolysis in trypanosomes ("glycosomes"), and methanol and/or amine oxidation and assimilation in some yeasts.(Wikipedia)
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 with our discussion on the PEX26 and Sufu, we are working on opportunities of interventions through the peroxisome!

Sunday, September 22, 2013

"Bigger is better"

New York — Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center has launched a transformative initiative to improve the quality of cancer care and the lives of cancer patients. Hartford HealthCare, a multi-hospital health care system in Connecticut, was selected as a pioneering member of the newly formed Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Alliance.

The MSK Cancer Alliance is designed to enable an ongoing, living, breathing dynamic partnership between the comprehensive cancer center and community oncology providers, in order to bring the newest knowledge into the community setting.

The critical need for such an Alliance can be found in a report recently issued by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) that described the challenge of delivering high-quality cancer care as a national “crisis” and noted advances in treatment may be unavailable to patients who lack access to sophisticated genetic tests or clinical trials.
“Currently, the vast majority of cancer care in the United States is delivered by community oncologists, but cancer advances can take years to be adopted in a community setting,” said JosĆ© Baselga, MD, Physician-in-Chief of Memorial Sloan-Kettering, who notes that ongoing, interactive real-time relationships are needed to effectively close this gap. “We want to rapidly accelerate the pace of integrating the latest advances of cancer care into a community setting. This unprecedented approach will demonstrate real value to both organizations and most importantly will improve the lives of cancer patients,” he added.
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BUT HERE AT THE CRBCM WE BELIEVE :
THE MORE VERSATILE, COST EFFICIENT SMALLER CLINIC  IS THE ANSWER FOR BETTER STREAMLINING OF CANCER RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE.  THE PROBLEM IS NOT THE COMMUNITY ONCOLOGIST'S LACK OF WILLINGNESS TO LEARN,  BUT INDEED THE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION WITH RESEARCHERS IN THE FIELD.
Researchers are taking over main Oncology publications by publishing non readily useable information while support for conferences is dwindling.  It is amazing how many Oncologists do not read Blood or JCO because the immediate relevancy of information/articles are perceived as relevant to day to day practice.  Among oncologists, FDA approval and whether a randomized phase III trial has demonstrated benefits, seems to be the overwhelming standard for adoption of new therapeutics.  Of course the input from trusted authors and opinions from their local referral center also drives the practice.
Larger Institutions could serve a purpose of streamlining referrals if carefully orchestrated, however something may be lost in quality of care (may be because staff there lose a bit of compassion) and money and administrative weight increase dramatically to impair the quick delivery of care they mean to better!
The weight of overheads, the number of meetings, size of committees and political infighting, tends to slow the process by the nature of the beast!  These larger institutions attract more research money for a relatively poor output.  The CPRIT experience proves this case.  Over half of the money given to date went to large institutions in Texas, we are still waiting for the return on investment, and communities overall have still to see lingering effects.
At the CRBCM we like the idea of smaller, more versatile organizations with more effect and efficiency. We believe that science does not belong to any particular institution,  and that we can not lead from behind and that we absolutely need to create new paths.  This is driving how we perceive new scientific progress results,  and most of all how readers will note that our interpretation of facts may be at odds, but that is deliberate and ready to open new approaches! And at least open the debate!  If we have not progressed as fast as wished, it is because of political elephants in the room!

Friday, September 20, 2013

The Crux of Tumorgenesis

The secret of cancer proliferation and persistence lays in phenomena at the membrane, where the NOTCH, Wnt and Hedgehog are located.  These functions of the membrane start and drive the cancer with help from the ABCG2, MRp1, Pgp gene;  it gives it resistance to powerful medications (Adriamycin, CPT11), with SuFu/PEX it reaches a gene capable of inducing malformation, with FOXM1, proliferation is guaranteed, through GLI1, Cyclin D2 is reached. Differentiation is reached though the MEK and failure of control is assured by dysregulation at the FAK.  The Cancer's mind set is driven by the FOXM1 for sure.  Other genes involve the NANOG, the PTCH1, The SOX and the OCT, CDH1, Shh,Twist, Plakoglobulin...

Profiling through at the CRBCM!

At the CRBCM something is coming through:

1. Deterioration at membrane receptor by lack of stimulation or "false or abnormal stimulation" could not only alter the nature of the "glycan" covering the protein portion of the receptor, but also induce stress like molecules.(HSP)
2. As a result of receptor failure new cytokines and TGFs are secreted which unfortunately fail at the initial receptor, but induce other receptors, amplifying standard pathways like RAS or PIK
3. Certains TGFs have an intrinsic power to maintain life of cells no matter what and induce metastasis.
4. Certain genes have an auto-phosphorylation or self-limiting mechanism that can easily go wrong  (RAS, FAK) driving to neoplastic process
5. FAK plays a larger role in aggressive prostate cancer than it has been recognized!
6. FAK has a closer relation to Androgen than recognized
7. NOTCH has closer relation with MEK and "stem cell potential" than recognized.
8. FAK disturbance prominence in cancer explains its sensitivity to Taxanes!  That is on top of Microtubule disturbances induced by the drug!
9. Metalloproteases are the ultimate Biomarkers of membrane events !
10.  Epigenetic methylation and its patterns are one of the largest mystery still to be elucidated!

Thursday, September 19, 2013

QUESTIONS IN PROSTATE CANCER

1. INDOLENT Vs  AGGRESSIVE CANCER
2. Belief that the older you get, the less important to detect the disease yet 2/3 of deaths is in patients older than 75 years of age.
3.Aggressiveness of this disease in the black race mimick exposure to different inducer (the dutasteride experience)
4.does sensitivity to androgen increase FAK, NOTCH, Wnt

surprise, surprise! AND THE NOTCH DANCE CONTINUA!

Arsenic trioxide inhibits the proliferation of myeloma cell line through notch signaling pathway

Jiasheng Hu12, Xiao Huang1, Xiuli Hong1, Quanyi Lu1* and Xiongpeng Zhu2


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AND IF YOU DON'T BELIEVE THAT NOTCH AND THE Wnt ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT PATHWAYS WHERE LIFE SECRETS IS LOCATED, THINK AGAIN! I AM NOT SAYING THAT OTHER PART ARE UNIMPORTANT BUT IF THERE IS A PATHWAY THAT NEED FURTHER LOOK, THE NOTCH IS IT!


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RESEARCH REPORTS 

"Nilotinib Associated With Increased Peripheral Artery Disease Rate in CML

By Dave Levitan | May 13, 2013"
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THIS TYPE OF REPORT MAKES YOU THING TWICE ABOUT 2ND GENERATION OF TKIs
THIS WAS COMPARED TO GLEEVEC WHICH PROVED SAFER!
PLEASE GO TO CANCERNETWORK FOR FULL REPORTS!